Hip Problem: Causes, Symptoms & When to See an Orthopedic Surgeon

What Causes Hip Pain?

Hip pain is rarely just one condition. It is a symptom that can arise from several different structures — the joint itself, the surrounding muscles, bursae, or even referred pain from the spine. Understanding the source is essential for effective treatment.

1. Osteoarthritis of the Hip

The most common cause of hip pain in adults above 50. The cartilage that cushions the hip joint gradually wears away, causing bone-on-bone friction, pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Patients often notice pain in the groin, buttock, or inner thigh that worsens with activity.

2. Hip Fractures

Particularly common in elderly patients with osteoporosis. A fall or even a minor trauma can cause a fracture in the neck of the femur. This is a surgical emergency requiring immediate attention.

3. Trochanteric Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursa on the outer side of the hip. Causes sharp pain on the outside of the hip that worsens when lying on that side or climbing stairs.

4. Hip Labral Tear

The labrum is a ring of cartilage around the hip socket. Tears can cause clicking, locking, or a deep groin pain — particularly in younger, active patients and athletes.

5. Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

Occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted, causing bone death. Often seen in patients who have taken long-term steroids or consumed excessive alcohol. Early diagnosis is critical.

Symptoms That Need Immediate Attention

• Sudden severe hip pain after a fall in an elderly person
• Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
• Hip pain with fever — could indicate infection
• Night pain disturbing sleep consistently
• Groin pain that is worsening over weeks despite rest

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical

Mild to moderate hip problems are managed with physiotherapy, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medications, and in some cases PRP injections to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Surgical

When non-surgical treatment fails and quality of life is severely affected, hip replacement surgery (total or partial) is recommended. Modern hip replacement using minimally invasive techniques offers excellent outcomes with rapid recovery.